The Sustainable Event Management Environmental Sciences Essay

The Sustainable Event Management Environmental Sciences Essay This report will general introduce what is sustainability and to link all the concepts and theories to the Beijing Olympics. All the sustainability policies will link to the Triple-Bottom-Line theory and with suitable recommendations. The general idea of what International Olympic Committee IOC is about and the role of IOC play with the Olympic. All the economic, environmental and social impacts that did by Beijing during the Olympic Games. The environmental successful point and failures that the Beijing Olympic faced. How Beijing can improve or how the London Olympic can learn from Beijing Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically analyse concepts and theories of sustainability relevant to the events industry. All these sustainability policies will link to the Triple-Bottom-Line theory and suitable recommendations will be shown. Sustainability development means to protect the environment, but still meet the need of human, without compromising the future generations need and development. The term sustainability derives from a political and socially constructed terminology that supports the universal policy of sustainable development (Dresner, 2002; Rogers et al., 2008). In more recent times with a greater appreciation by nations of environmental matters and a move to a more sustainable society, the IOC requires the Olympic Games host country to implement strategies to protect the environment, observe concepts of equity and social justice and, where possible, minimise consumption of energy and water. The wastes minimise and to ensure that it is recycled as much as possible are the critical factors for selection when a country is bidding for the Game. The Beijing Olympic was the greenest Olympic ever, and will prove by articles, journals, etc. The aim and objectives To critically analysis the sustainability policy of the Olympics, create linkage to the Triple Bottom Line theory and provide sustainable recommendations for critical appraisal of the Olympics sustainability policy. International Olympic Committee IOC The Olympic were nearly ended in 1976 Montreal Olympics, Canada. Due to the large venues built and the investment was 10 times over from the original budget. Olympics not only need to carry a heavy debt burden but also damage the environment. Therefore, Olympics now focus on the sustainable development when the cities bid for the Olympics (Aim of Olympic 2008). One of IOC roles is to encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are held accordingly (IOC 2011) The Olympic Movement Agenda 21 was examined during the third IOC World Conference on Sport and the Environment in Rio in 1999, and approved by the IOC session in Seoul in June 1999. The goal of Agenda 21 is to increase the participation of local residents, to improve the social-economic and health benefits they derive from it, strengthen international cooperation projects for sustainable development, help combat social exclusion, encourage new consumer habits, promote a sports infrastructure which is even better adapted to social needs, and further improve the integration of development and environment concepts into sports policies (IOC 1999). The Beijing Olympic 2008 The idea of Green Olympic in Beijings bid was the strongest element to win the right to host the 2008 Games. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG)s environmental programme was focused on improvement, protection and awareness-raising. The Olympic venues were constructed by environmentally friendly and energy-saving building materials. Beijing has put significant efforts to improve air quality, expand forestation, enhance public sewage and waste treatment systems.(IOC 2012) When Beijing was awarded the Games in 2001, the IOC Evaluation Committee noted: Beijing currently faces a number of environmental pressures and issues, particularly air pollution. However, it has an ambitious set of plans designed, which are comprehensive enough to greatly improve Beijings overall environmental condition. These plans and actions will require a significant effort and financial investment. The result would be a major legacy for Beijing from the Olympic Games, which include increased environmental awareness among the population. (IOC 2012) As the first developing country to host the Olympic Games, US$17 billion was invested on environment initiatives by China for the Games. China was not only to fulfil its original promises in the bid, but also to gain great achievement on environment sustainability (UNEP, 2009). Greenpeace has made a evaluation conducted that the BOCOG and the Beijing government had created a positive legacy in terms of environmental initiative for the city (Greenpeace, 2008). The Beijing Olympics made a great environmental achievements, therefore, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and BOCOG won the first-ever IOC Award for Sport and the Environment for Asia at the 8th World Conference on Sport and the Environment in Vancouver (Benjamin, 2009). According to Managing Business Ethics, Triple Bottom Line was defined as the impacts of economic, social and environmental (Trevino Nelson, 2011). The triple bottom lint of the sustainable development referred to the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity. Economic Impact The Olympics always help to improve not a city, but also a countrys economy. Such mega-event requires considerable investments in infrastructural developments, sports venues, and other types of industries. Therefore, these will bring both short term and long term effects on the chinas economy and publicity. Beijing reached its highest economic growth rate of 12.8 percent, a gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of USD 6,331, and the fixed assets investment of USD 3.527 million in 2007. Based on the criteria issued by the World Bank, Beijings socio-economic development is graded on a world ranking in the range of the upper-middle level, recognizable for example by the increase of the average annual wage of 109.4 percent from 2001 to 2007. For the Infrastructure Projects, according to the Beijing Olympic Action Plan, Beijings total investment in Olympic-related projects is expected to reach USD $180 billion and is divided into three different elements. The first part was used in the Olympic competition venues and the related facilities; the second was spent on citys infrastructural development; the third part was invested in projects, such as environmental protection and transportation. One of the largest projects was the enlargement of Beijings international airport, which became one of the worlds top five busiest airports during the Olympic season. In order to meet the high demand of air transportation a new terminal is being constructed amounting to a value of USD 2.1 billion, which will be the worlds largest terminal with a direct connection to the downtown area in 15 minute intervals. With the Number 3 Terminal being completed in February 2008, the three terminals of the airport will have a future total annual handling capacity of approximately 82 million passengers. Beijing has spent USD 700 million on upgrading its public transportation system, in order to avoid the traffic conjunctions during normal or rush hours. There are several projects helped to ensure the Olympic tourists enjoyed an easy, fast and safe travel from one sporting event to another. Six new expressways will link the downtown area and the airport as well as other cities of China. Six new subway and light railway lines will allow for better travel connection. Additionally, several bus lanes have been introduced whereby, during rush hour, all vehicles except for public buses must keep clear. All construction sites were using environmentally friendly technologies and measures. For example, all old buses replaced with new ones that possess updated catalytic converters. Recommendation Beijing should push the industrial technology to a cleaner production. Renewable energy technology as solar lighting, geothermal heating and solar PV systems should be promoted widely during the Game. Smart design and energy efficient technologies must be used as the building standards for new buildings. Although the BOCOG has introduced environmentally friendly policies guidelines for construction or purchasing materials, because it is not mandatory, companies may not follow the guidelines. Environmental Impact Improve infrastructure to both run the 2008 Green Olympics needs, the need for sustainable development to achieve the capital. For the environmental aspects, the BOCOG had set a comprehensive framework in order to coordinate all the sustainability projects. BOCOG started in early 2002 to design an Environmental Management System (EMS) complying with the international standard ISO 14001. (UNEP, 2009) The ISO 14001 standard is to establish an organized approach to reduce the impact of the environmental aspects which an organization has under its control. This standard helps the organizations to minimize their operational negative impacts on the environment (for example, air, waste, water), and continually to improve their environmental performance. The Committee passed the ISO 14001 certification audit in September 2005 and one year later was also certified according to the new 2004 release of the standard. Beijing has launched a new vehicle emission standard to EURO IV for the Olympics in order to improve the air quality. This emission standard is the strictest standard in the world. During the Games, 20% of the Olympic venue electricity was purchased from wind power station which supplies with clean wind sources. The first Beijing wind power generation station can generate 100 million KHz of electricity per which, that means this capacity can meet 100,000 families demand. 27 air quality sampling stations were set up, in order to monitor the index of sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10). 18 temporary sampling stations were added during the Olympic Games. The Beijing air quality was improved by these measures. The air pollution was decreased by 50 percent in 2008, and SO2, CO, NO2 and PM10 were decreased respectively by 30%, 12%, 32% and 32% compared to1998. Beijing has built 14 sewage treatment plants and put in operation. The sewage treatment capacity rise from 320 million cubic metres in 2001 to 800 million cubic metres in 2008 and sewage treatment rate increased from 38 per cent to 90 per cent during the same period. By 2008, 57%of the citys waste water had been treated and reused. In addition, the citys forest coverage of more than 51.6%, the green coverage rate reached more than 43% of the urban centers, and the nature reserve area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹8.18% of the total area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the city. (United Nations Environment Programme, 2009) Recommendation Although the BOCOG has introduced the Olympic timber purchasing environment guidelines, they lose the opportunity to introduce the internationally recognizable timber purchasing policy, for example Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standards for construction material. The landfill development and waste incineration were the failures, for Beijing to use as an opportunity of the Game to move towards a zero-waste policy. Although Beijing had launched many long term measures to improve the citys air quality, they used temporary measures, for example reduced the vehicle numbers and industrial production were shut down. To make sure that during the Game the air quality meets the standards. Beijing could launched more clean measures to other cities, in order to improve the air quality and the air quality will meet the standards in long term. Social Impact Education (United Nations Environment Programme, 2009) BOCOG focused its projects on raising awareness of the environment in both primary and secondary schools, thereby targeting the younger generation of Chinese. The major educational initiatives include: The Beijing 2008 Primary and Secondary School Olympic Education Programme This program was worked with the Ministry of Education, 0.4 billion students involved and the aim of this program is to establish the Olympic Model Schools (to teach, practice and promote the value of Olympic). This program encourages the students to live in an environmentally friendly way. 200 Beijing schools out of 556 were nominated as Olympic Model Schools. The Reserve a Barrel of Water this Summer Initiative This project carried out in the primary schools. The aim is to develop initiatives of water saving and to promote the importance of water saving. Communication (United Nations Environment Programme, 2009) BOCOG has developed several initiatives to spread the message of environmental values among the general public. Among the major projects, it is worth highlighting: The Green Community and Green Home Campaign The aim of this project is to raise the environmental awareness among Beijing families and communities, for example to reduce the using the water and energy saving, waste sorting and green consumption. The Campaign launched in Beijing and 886 communities were involved by the end of 2006. The One Day, No Engine Sounds Campaign This project aim to encourage Beijing citizens to use public transport more than private cars, and to raise their awareness about the air and noise pollution. 504 institutions joined the Campaign after this has launched. The Beijing Green Map Initiative The project was developed by BOCOG and the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, encourages Beijing citizens to label the environmental and cultural facilities around the city. The Green Olympics, Green Action Team BOCOG was launched this team in 2004, and the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau to promote Olympic environmental values, sustainable development principles, good energy saving and water saving practices and environmental awareness in general. Lectures and promotion activities were hold by this team in different places, for example, in schools, factories, universities, libraries and communities Olympic sponsorship maker Coca-Cola and Samsung are each given a commitment to the environment. The Coca-Cola Company has committed that natural refrigerant was used by all Olympic venues freezers and vending machines, excluding the climate change will increase greenhouse gases HFCs (HFCs). Samsungs commitment that all Olympic series phones SGH-F268 phone will not contain toxic material polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominates flame retardants (BFR). Recommendation All the Olympics sponsors who using the refrigeration equipments such as Coca-Cola, McDonalds, etc, failed to seize the opportunity not to use hydrogen fluorocarbons (HFCs) natural refrigeration equipment. Electronic equipment sponsors, such as Lenovo and Panasonic missed this opportunity, as they failed to provide products which contain without polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominates flame retardants (BFRs) and other toxic substances. Conclusion Beijing should continue the successful achievements on environment after the Olympic Games. Beijing had developed mass transportation and to implement the environmental policies and regulations are encouraging signs that the government understand the environment more. The Greenpeace urges that when the Chinese cities are devising economic development policies, they should consider environmental protection. As China is one of the fast growing economies country in the world and now China is facing serious environmental challenges, the environmental achievements of the Beijing Olympics, especially the long term infrastructural improvements, need to be spread to other cities in china.

“I’m a fool” by Sherwood Anderson Essay

Everyone has morals. The usual ones are: Don’t lie, cheat, or steal. The swipe in â€Å"I’m a fool† by Sherwood Anderson does not seem to possess these morals throughout the story, although he does seem to feel remorseful at the end of the story. He lies, cheats, and steals, though not in a way most consider normal. In â€Å"I’m a fool† the swipe lies. He lies about who he is, where he is from, and what he does. He tells Miss Elinor Woodbury, Mr. Wilbur Wessen, and Miss Lucy Wessen that he was â€Å"Walter Mathers for Marietta, Ohio,† and that his â€Å"father owned the horse About Ben Ahem,† and that his father â€Å"had let him out to this Bob French for racing purposes, because our family was proud and had never gone into racing that way, in our own way, I mean, and Miss Lucy Wessen’s eyes were shining.† He then went on to tell her about his â€Å"place† down in Marietta, and â€Å"about the big stables and the grand big house,† He had on the hill above the Ohio River. He justifies this by saying that he knew enough not to brag and to make it seem like they were pulling it out of him instead of him telling them. He cheats by using his lie that he is Walter Mathers, son of the owner of About Ben Ahem. He tells them that About Ben Ahem â€Å"would lose the first heat by pacing like a lame cow and then he would come back and skin ’em alive after that,† like he had seen it happen before. The swipe backs this up by having Mr. Wilbur Wessen place thirty dollars of his (the swipe’s) money on About Ben Ahem for the best odds that he could get after the first heat. The swipe is a thief because he stills another mans identity. â€Å"There ain’t any Walter Mathers, like I said to her and them, and there hasn’t ever been one, but if there was, I bet I’d go down to Marietta, Ohio, and shoot him tomorrow.† This constitutes a murderous attitude just to cover for himself. At the end of the story the swipe doesn’t tell Miss Lucy, Mr. Wilbur, or Miss Woodbury that he isn’t who he says he is, he doesn’t come clean with how he knew About Ben Ahem would win, or where he is from, even after Miss Lucy says that she would write to him because â€Å"She whispered and said it was like she and I could get out of the boat and walk on water.† So even though the  swipe is remorseful at the end of the story and says â€Å"I’ll quit working an be a bum and give him my job. I don’t care nothing for working, and earning money, and saving it for no such fool as myself,† he is still a liar, a cheat, and a thief.

Deception Point Page 81

â€Å"As you know,† the CIA director went on, his tone sharpening, â€Å"all U.S. government entities who deal with sensitive intelligence information are governed by strict rules of secrecy-military, CIA, NSA, NRO-all of them must abide by stringent laws regarding the concealment of the data they glean and the technologies they develop. I ask you all, yet again, why NASA-the agency currently producing the largest portion of cutting-edge aerospace, imaging, flight, software, reconnaissance, and telecom technologies used by the military and intelligence community-exists outside this umbrella of secrecy.† The President heaved a weighty sigh. The proposal was clear. Restructure NASA to become part of the U.S. military intelligence community. Although similar restructurings had happened with other agencies in the past, Herney refused to entertain the idea of placing NASA under the auspices of the Pentagon, the CIA, the NRO, or any other military directive. The National Security Council was starting to splinter on the issue, many siding with the intelligence community. Lawrence Ekstrom never looked pleased at these meetings, and this was no exception. He shot an acrimonious glare toward the CIA director. â€Å"At the risk of repeating myself, sir, the technologies NASA develops are for nonmilitary, academic applications. If your intelligence community wants to turn one of our space telescopes around and look at China, that's your choice.† The CIA director looked like he was about to boil over. Pickering caught his eye and stepped in. â€Å"Larry,† he said, careful to keep an even tone, â€Å"every year NASA kneels before Congress and begs for money. You're running operations with too little funding, and you're paying the price in failed missions. If we incorporate NASA into the intelligence community, NASA will no longer need to ask Congress for help. You would be funded by the black budget at significantly higher levels. It's a win-win. NASA will have the money it needs to run itself properly, and the intelligence community will have peace of mind that NASA technologies are protected.† Ekstrom shook his head. â€Å"On principle, I cannot endorse painting NASA with that brush. NASA is about space science; we have nothing to do with national security.† The CIA director stood up, something never done when the President was seated. Nobody stopped him. He glared down at the administrator of NASA. â€Å"Are you telling me you think science has nothing to do with national security? Larry, they are synonymous, for God's sake! It is only this country's scientific and technological edge that keeps us secure, and whether we like it or not, NASA is playing a bigger and bigger part in developing those technologies. Unfortunately, your agency leaks like a sieve and has proven time and again that its security is a liability!† The room fell silent. Now the administrator of NASA stood up and locked eyes with his attacker. â€Å"So you suggest locking twenty thousand NASA scientists in airtight military labs and making them work for you? Do you really think NASA's newest space telescopes would have been conceived had it not been for our scientists' personal desire to see deeper into space? NASA makes astonishing breakthroughs for one reason only-our employees want to understand the cosmos more deeply. They are a community of dreamers who grew up staring at starry skies and asking themselves what was up there. Passion and curiosity are what drive NASA's innovation, not the promise of military superiority.† Pickering cleared his throat, speaking softly, trying to lower the temperatures around the table. â€Å"Larry, I'm certain the director is not talking about recruiting NASA scientists to build military satellites. Your NASA mission statement would not change. NASA would carry on business as usual, except you would have increased funding and increased security.† Pickering turned now to the President. â€Å"Security is expensive. Everyone in this room certainly realizes that NASA's security leaks are a result of underfunding. NASA has to toot its own horn, cut corners on security measures, run joint projects with other countries so they can share the price tag. I am proposing that NASA remain the superb, scientific, nonmilitary entity it currently is, but with a bigger budget, and some discretion.† Several members of the security council nodded in quiet agreement. President Herney stood slowly, staring directly at William Pickering, clearly not at all amused with the way Pickering had just taken over. â€Å"Bill, let me ask you this: NASA is hoping to go to Mars in the next decade. How will the intelligence community feel about spending a hefty portion of the black budget running a mission to Mars-a mission that has no immediate national security benefits?† â€Å"NASA will be able to do as they please.† â€Å"Bullshit,† Herney replied flatly. Everyone's eyes shot up. President Herney seldom used profanity. â€Å"If there is one thing I've learned as president,† Herney declared, â€Å"it's that those who control the dollars control the direction. I refuse to put NASA's purse strings in the hands of those who do not share the objectives for which the agency was founded. I can only imagine how much pure science would get done with the military deciding which NASA missions are viable.† Herney's eyes scanned the room. Slowly, purposefully, he returned his rigid gaze to William Pickering. â€Å"Bill,† Herney sighed, â€Å"your displeasure that NASA is engaged in joint projects with foreign space agencies is painfully shortsighted. At least someone is working constructively with the Chinese and Russians. Peace on this planet will not be forged by military strength. It will be forged by those who come together despite their governments' differences. If you ask me, NASA's joint missions do more to promote national security than any billion-dollar spy satellite, and with a hell of a lot better hope for the future.† Pickering felt an anger welling deep within him. How dare a politician talk down to me this way! Herney's idealism played fine in a boardroom, but in the real world, it got people killed. â€Å"Bill,† Marjorie Tench interrupted, as if sensing Pickering was about to explode, â€Å"we know you lost a child. We know this is a personal issue for you.† Pickering heard nothing but condescension in her tone. â€Å"But please remember,† Tench said, â€Å"that the White House is currently holding back a floodgate of investors who want us to open space to the private sector. If you ask me, for all its mistakes, NASA has been one hell of a friend to the intel community. You all might just want to count your blessings.† A rumble strip on the shoulder of the highway jolted Pickering's mind back to the present. His exit was coming up. As he approached the exit for D.C., he passed a bloody deer lying dead by the side of the road. He felt an odd hesitation†¦ but he kept driving. He had a rendezvous to keep. 96 The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial is one of the largest memorials in the nation. With a park, waterfalls, statuary, alcoves, and basin, the memorial is divided into four outdoor galleries, one for each of FDR's terms in office. A mile from the memorial, a lone Kiowa Warrior coasted in, high over the city, its running lights dimmed. In a town boasting as many VIPs and media crews as D.C., helicopters in the skies were as common as birds flying south. Delta-One knew that as long as he stayed well outside what was known as â€Å"the dome†-a bubble of protected airspace around the White House-he should draw little attention. They would not be here long. The Kiowa was at twenty-one hundred feet when it slowed adjacent to, but not directly over, the darkened FDR Memorial. Delta-One hovered, checking his position. He looked to his left, where Delta-Two was manning the night vision telescopic viewing system. The video feed showed a greenish image of the entry drive of the memorial. The area was deserted.

Essay on The Required Qualities for a Good Leader of Society

The Required Qualities for a Good Leader of Society â€Å"Leadership is influence. It is the ability to obtain followers. When the leader lacks confidence, the followers have no commitment. A leader is great not because of his power, but because of his ability to empower others† – John Maxwell. This quote summarises what a good leader of society should be. It is all well and good to have a leader who is influential, but to have a leader, who is not able to stand in front of a crowd of people and cameras during a press conference, is pointless. A good leader, therefore, needs to be a mixture of the following: charismatic, trustworthy, honest, decisive, popular, powerful, approachable,†¦show more content†¦However, some of the methods he used were manipulative, deceitful and dishonest, unknown to the German people, and included the mass murder of many SA members, Hitler’s personal army, during ‘the Night of the Long Knives’ on June 30 1934, or his use of opportunism after the death of President Hindenburg when he combined the offices of Chancellor and President to make himself Fuhrer. Hitler had a vision, was able to energise a large number of people around it, and develop the effectiveness of the organisations he was responsible for. He had many qualities that made him a successful and popular leader, of which include his charisma, his ability as a powerful orator, his determination, motivation, hard work, and the fact that he was respected and liked by many. However, Hitler also had several weaknesses; he had great distrust in his generals, which led to ‘the Night of the Long Knives,’ and also had many suspicions about him, some originating from the Reichstag Fire on February 27 1933. Hitler’s personality, leadership and oratory skills were one of the factors that helped him into power in 1933. Goebbels, Hitler’s propaganda chief, organised many rallies across Germany to spread the Nazi’s anti-Semitic beliefs, and during these Hitler whipped the crowds into hysteria. Hitler would arrive about an hour late to theShow MoreRelatedMax Weber Political Authority Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesauthority comes from a person’s special qualities and ability to hold followers because of them. Charismatic individuals may use their authority over a whole society or even just a specific group within a larger one. These individuals can use their authority for good and sometimes bad. 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Does Technology Affects Culture or Does Culture Affect...

Culture is the unique set of beliefs, behaviors, and way of life of a group of people. Our culture, according to many, is undergoing a steady increase in the culture gap, and for the most part, their main target when seeking whom to blame is technology. Our culture drives us to pursue success and pleasure, complete tasks efficiently, and contemplate how to improve the lives of the generations to come and ourselves. These elements of our culture, these demands, the majority, are fulfilled by technology. In Robert Solomon’s essay, Culture Gives Us a Sense of Who We Are, he states â€Å"We are becoming a culture without a culture, lacking fixed points of reference and a shared vocabulary† and that â€Å" ‘Television culture’ is no culture at all†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Speaking on the cultural values of humility and simplicity held by Hindus and Muslims, Dr. Genevieve Bell is quoted describing how â€Å" ‘If part of the value of the home i s this space of purity thats protected from the pollutedness of the world†¦that becomes a barrier to adopting some technologies’ (Erard). So, culture limits what technologies thrive, and technology must then adapt itself to the cultural values of these people, to meet their cultural demands. Notice that in both situations, the technologies are adapted, tailored to the cultures of each group of people, meaning that the culture is intact, unchanged by the new development because the technology was made to fit in. 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Marketing And Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy

1 Introduction Advantage Kayaks considers itself a boutique kayak manufacturing business employing one full time boat builder. It has been in operation for ten years undertaking mainly individual orders for the elite and recreational, surf and flat water racing classes. The business appears to be experiencing a scalloped product life cycle pattern because of the constant overall growth and also seeing an increase in competition (Kotler et al. 2012). There is therefore sufficient demand to warrant an additional part time employee. Based on these factors Advantage Kayaks management team have indicated they would like to undertake a strategic marketing process. The aim of this paper is to outline the marketing plan designed by Advantage Kayaks. The plan will involve analysing the current market, its current market situation and future objectives. The final goal is to have a clear, succinct marketing and integrated marketing communications strategy that will assist in and guide the achievement of company objectives. 2 Current market Within the years 2005–06 to 2011–12 the canoeing/kayaking industry experienced growth of 113% with the sports and physical recreation industry generating A$12.8 billion in income in 2011–12 (Sport, Fitness Recreation, Environmental Scan 2014; Value of Sport, Australia, 2013). Industry growth is forcing businesses to separate themselves from competitors by a number of different means. The types of products offered along with buildingShow MoreRelatedIntegrated Marketing Communication : Creative Strategy1461 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrated marketing communications, or IMC, is important in today’s marketing, as it involves the social media and the internet as a way to brand and advertise companies. 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Black Boy Essay Research Paper Black Boy 2 free essay sample

Black Boy Essay, Research Paper Black Boy, Richard Wright # 8217 ; s autobiography, covers his childhood and early maturity. It opens with four-year-old Richard # 8217 ; s rebellion against authorization, an of import motive in Black Boy. At the clip, Richard was ungratified and resentful of his female parent # 8217 ; s injunction of silence. Richard by chance burned down his grandparents # 8217 ; house in his effort to happen something to busy his clip. After his female parent determined that he was unhurt, she beat him so severely he lost consciousness. When Richard and his brother were really immature, Nathan Wright, their male parent, abandoned the household, immersing them into poorness. Richard # 8217 ; s changeless hungriness made him highly acrimonious toward his absent male parent. Over the following few old ages, Ella, Richard # 8217 ; s female parent, would urgently try to feed, clothe, and shelter her kids. Her long hours of work frequently meant go forthing her kids with small supervising. When Richard was six old ages old, he began imploring drinks in a nearby barroom where the clients plied him with Nis if he would reiterate assorted expletive words and violative phrases. When whippings proved uneffective in interrupting her boy of his turning compulsion with intoxicant, Ella engaged the baby sitting services of an older black adult female in the vicinity. Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggie # 8217 ; s hubby, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the owner of a successful barroom, so there was ever more than plenty nutrient to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fright that his hungriness would return afresh, so he hoarded nutrient all over the house. Unfortunately, the newfound stableness was non destined to last. The local Whites were covetous of Hoskins # 8217 ; s profitable concern, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the remainder of his household. Maggie and Ella fled with the two male childs to populate in another town. Maggie and Ella # 8217 ; s combined rewards proved equal to feed and dress Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with # 8220 ; Professor # 8221 ; Matthews, a wanted adult male. Ella and the kids fled to the North after Matthews killed a white adult female ; Ella one time once more had to work entirely to supply for herself and her kids. Ella # 8217 ; s wellness began to deteriorate. Missing rent money, she and her boies were forced to travel several times. A paralytic shot disabled her, so Richard was forced to compose to his grandma for aid. Ella # 8217 ; s siblings gave what aid they could, but none of them could take on the duty for both of her kids. Richard # 8217 ; s grandmother took on the duty for carin g for Ella. Maggie took Richard’s younger brother to be raised in Detroit, while Richard chose to populate with his Uncle Clark, who lived near to Richard’s grandma. However, Richard finally could non acquire along with Clark and his married woman, Jody, so he returned to Jackson to populate with his female parent in his grandparents’ place. Richard # 8217 ; s grandma was a rigorous Seventh Day Adventist, but Richard was an atheist from an early age. He besides had aspirations to be a author, a profession that his grandma distrusted as # 8220 ; worldly. # 8221 ; His relationship with his grandma was, hence, a ceaseless confrontation. His Aunt Addie finally joined the campaign to salvage his psyche, and Richard was enrolled in the spiritual school where she taught. One twenty-four hours, she beat Richard in category for an discourtesy that he did non commit. She tried to crush him once more after school, but Richard fought her off with a knife. In the undermentioned old ages, Richard would hold to build up himself against the force of assorted members of his household. Despite his fickle schooling, Richard managed to graduate from the 9th class. He tried to work to salvage money in order to travel to the North, but he found himself unable to presume the function of low inferior to his white employers and colleagues. During this clip, he suffered legion terrorization, frequently violent, confrontations with white racism. He moved to Memphis where the ambiance was less unsafe. He rebuffed the efforts of his charitable landlady, Mrs. Moss, to get married him to her girl, Bess. Meanwhile, he began salvaging in earnest for his flight to the North. His female parent, brother, and Aunt Maggie joined him in Memphis and subsequently moved with him to Chicago. Chicago awakened new desires and dreams in Richard, but he was still excessively afraid to to the full admit them. Mired in the unhappiness and pandemonium of the great depression, Richard found an political orientation that appealed to him in Communism. He felt that he could help the Communists in distributing their message via his authorship, but to his horror and discouragement, he shortly discovered that junior-grade competitions and paranoia ran deep among his companions. He found himself the object of intuition and misgiving because he was branded an # 8220 ; intellectual. # 8221 ; After a series of political conflicts and a great trade of persecution, Richard became estranged from the Party. He was ousted by several Communists when he tried to process in a May Day exhibit, but he did non allow this rejection defeat him. Alternatively, he resolved to happen his ain signifiers of look and self-fulfillment through his authorship.